False Imprisonment And Merchant Protection Statutes Law Essay

False Imprisonment And Merchant Protection Statutes Law Essay Although the area of business law with which I am most familiar and have the most knowledge is contract law, secured transactions and bankruptcy, my first jury trial was a case involving a slip and fall at the old Rickshaw Hotel which was located across from the former Garden State Race Track on Route 70 in Cherry Hill, New Jersey [This really dates me because the Rickshaw Hotel is now a car dealership and the Racetrack is a shopping center]. In a law firm, the newest associate is usually given the garbage cases, ones which were not likely to succeed and with which a partner did not want to be associated. This case was brought into our office shortly before trial, because an attorney who was licensed only in Pennsylvania thought he could have settled it before trial. However, there was one piece of testimony from a deposition that led the defense to believe the case had no merit. That statement was in answer to a question to the injured woman, When and where did you learn of the tear in the carpet at the hotel? She answered, In my attorneys office when he told me there was a tear in the carpet. I started the trial by telling the jury in the opening statement, That the defense would very shortly tell you, members of the jury, that This case is a fraud and that the reason they know it is a fake, is because of the deposition testimony. I said, Just the opposite is the case. This is a very truthful woman. She answered the question correctly, because that is exactly what happened. She did learn of the tear from her former attorney. If she had not been walking down a poorly lit hallway, if she could have seen the torn carpet, surely she would not have caught her foot in the tear, she did not see the tear as she fell and hit her head against the wooden chair rail on the wall, she did not see it as she lay unconsciously on the floor and she never saw it as she was carried on a stretcher out of the building. The case settled before I called my first witness. Every negligence case centers on what would the ordinary reasonable person find to be the case. Week Two OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this workshop, students are expected to competently: Describe the concept of ethical leadership. Understand the key concepts of ethics in the context of a business environment. Comprehend the concepts of Duty of Care, Negligence and Liability. Intentional torts against persons and against property Assault and battery Assault is the threat of immediate harm or offensive contact or any action that arouses reasonable apprehension of imminent harm. Actual physical contact is unnecessary. Battery is the unauthorized and harmful or offensive physical contact with another person. Direct physical contact is unnecessary. False imprisonment and merchant protection statutes False imprisonment is intentional confinement or restraint of another person without authority or justification and without that persons consent. Merchant protection statutes allow merchants to stop, detain, and investigate suspected shoplifters without being held liable for false imprisonment if (1) there are reasonable grounds for suspicion, (2) suspects are detained for only a reasonable time, and (3) investigations are conducted in a reasonable manner. Defamation of character and invasion of privacy If a person makes a false statement about another person, that is defamation of character. In court, a plaintiff must prove that the defendant make an untrue statement of fact about the plaintiff and that the statement was intentionally or accidentally published to a third party. Public figures cannot recover for defamation unless they can prove that the defendant acted with actual malice. Every person has a right to live his or her life without being subjected to unwarranted and undesired publicity. Violation of this right is the tort of invasion of the right to privacy. Intentional torts against property Interference with an owners right to exclusive possession of land constitutes the tort of trespass to land. Trespass to personal property occurs whenever one person injures another persons personal property. Conversion of personal property occurs when someone who originally is given possession of personal property fails to return it. Negligence Elements of Negligence Elements of negligence include: That the defendant owed a duty of care to the plaintiff A duty of care is the obligation we all owe to each other not to cause unreasonable harm or risk of harm. Courts decide whether a duty of care is owed in specific cases by applying a reasonable person standard (how would an objective, careful, and conscientious person have acted in the same circumstances) or a reasonable professional standard (where the defendant has a particular expertise or competence). That the defendant breached this duty of care A breach of the duty of care is the failure to exercise care. That the plaintiff suffered injury The plaintiff must suffer personal injury or damage to his or her property to recover monetary damages for the defendants negligence. That the defendants act caused the plaintiffs injury A person who commits a negligent act is not liable unless his or her act was the cause of the plaintiffs injuries. Causation in fact or actual cause-a person who commits a negligent act is not liable unless causation in fact can be proven. Proximate or legal cause-the law establishes a point along a chain of events caused by a negligent party after which that party is no longer legally responsible for the consequences of his or her actions. Intentional and negligent infliction of emotional distress Intentional infliction of emotional distress or the tort of outrage occurs when a persons extreme and outrageous conduct intentionally or recklessly causes severe emotional distress to another person. Some jurisdictions have extended this doctrine to include negligent infliction of emotional distress where the defendants negligence causes emotional distress. The most common example is bystanders who witness the death or injury of a loved one caused by anothers negligent conduct. Special negligence doctrines Negligence per se is a tort where the violation of a statute or ordinance constitutes the breach of the duty of care. An example would include a statute that establishes a duty for homeowners to fix their sidewalks. Res ipsa loquitur can occur when the defendant was in exclusive control of the situation and the plaintiff would not have suffered injury but for someones negligence. A good example is a surgical instrument left in a patients body. Dram shop acts make taverns and bartenders liable for injuries caused to or by patrons who are served too much alcohol. Similarly, some states make social hosts liable for injuries caused by guests who become intoxicated at a social function. Many state guest statutes provide that if a driver voluntarily and without compensation gives a ride to another person, the driver is not liable to the passenger for injuries caused by the drivers ordinary negligence. Good Samaritan laws relieve medical professionals from liability for ordinary negligence when they stop and render aid to victims in emergency situations. Under the firemans rule, a fireman who is injured while putting out a fire may not sue the party whose negligence caused the fire. The danger invites rescue doctrine provides that a rescuer who is injured while going to someones rescue can sue the person who caused the dangerous situation. Common carriers are held to a higher standard than most other businesses; they have a duty of utmost care, rather than a duty of ordinary care, to their passengers and patrons. Landowners owe a duty of ordinary care to invitees and licensees, but generally do not owe a duty of ordinary care to a trespasser. Defenses to tort liability Superseding or intervening event-a defendant is not liable for injuries caused by a superseding or intervening event for which he or she is not responsible. Assumption of the risk-a defendant can use this defense against a plaintiff who knowingly and voluntarily entered into or participated in a risky activity, for example car racing, that resulted in injury. Contributory negligence-this doctrine states that a plaintiff who is partially at fault for his or her own injury cannot recover against the negligent defendant. Many states have rejected this doctrine and replaced it with the doctrine of comparative negligence. Comparative negligence-the comparative negligence doctrine apportions damages according to fault. Fraud Fraud or intentional misrepresentation or deceit occurs when a wrongdoer deceives another out of money, property, or something of value. The elements of fraud are: The wrongdoer made a false representation of material fact. The wrongdoer had knowledge that the representation was false and intended to deceive the innocent party (scienter). The innocent party justifiably relied on the misrepresentation. The innocent party was injured. Terms assault-(1) The threat of immediate harm or offensive contact or (2) any action that arouses reasonable apprehension of imminent harm. Actual physical contact is not necessary. assumption of the risk-A defense in which the defendant must prove that (1) the plaintiff knew and appreciated the risk and (2) the plaintiff voluntarily assumed the risk. battery-Unauthorized and harmful or offensive physical contact with another person. Direct physical contact is not necessary. causation in fact or actual cause-The actual cause of negligence. A person who commits a negligent act is not liable unless causation in fact can be proven. causation-A person who commits a negligent act is not liable unless his or her act was the cause of the plaintiffs injuries. The two types of causation that must be proven are (1) causation in fact (actual cause) and (2) proximate cause (legal cause). comparative negligence-A doctrine that applies to strict liability actions that says a plaintiff who is contributorily negligent for his injuries is responsible for a proportional share of the damages. contributory negligence-A doctrine that says a plaintiff who is partially at fault for his own injury cannot recover against the negligent defendant. conversion of personal property-A tort that deprives a true owner of the use and enjoyment of his or her personal property by taking over such property and exercising ownership rights over it. covenant of good faith and fair dealing-Under this implied covenant, the parties to a contract not only are held to the express terms of the contract but also are required to act in good faith and deal fairly in all respects in obtaining the objective of the contract. danger invites rescue doctrine-Doctrine that provides that a rescuer who is injured while going to someones rescue can sue the person who caused the dangerous situation. defamation of character-False statement(s) made by one person about another. In court, the plaintiff must prove that (1) the defendant made an untrue statement of fact about the plaintiff and (2) the statement was intentionally or accidentally published to a third party. Dram Shop Act-Statute that makes taverns and bartenders liable for injuries caused to or by patrons who are served too much alcohol. duty not to willfully or wantonly injure-The duty an owner owes a trespasser to prevent intentional injury or harm to the trespasser when the trespasser is on his or her premises. duty of ordinary care-Collecting banks are required to exercise ordinary care in presenting and sending checks for collection. duty of utmost care-A duty of care that goes beyond ordinary care that says common carriers and innkeepers have a responsibility to provide security to their passengers or guests. false imprisonment-The intentional confinement or restraint of another person without authority or justification and without that persons consent. Good Samaritan law-Statute that relieves medical professionals from liability for ordinary negligence when they stop and render aid to victims in emergency situations. guest statute-Statute that provides that if a driver of a vehicle voluntarily and without compensation gives a ride to another person, the driver is not liable to the passenger for injuries caused by the drivers ordinary negligence. injury-The plaintiff must suffer personal injury or damage to his or her property in order to recover monetary damages for the defendants negligence. intentional infliction of emotional distress-A tort that says a person whose extreme and outrageous conduct intentionally or recklessly causes severe emotional distress to another person is liable for that emotional distress. Also known as the tort of outrage. intentional interference with contractual relations-A tort that arises when a third party induces a contracting party to breach the contract with another party. intentional misrepresentation-(1) Tort that occurs when a wrongdoer deceives another person out of money, property, or something else of value. Also known as fraud or deceit; (2) when a seller or lessor fraudulently misrepresents the quality of a product and a buyer is injured thereby. intentional tort-Occurs when a person has intentionally committed a wrong against (1) another person or his or her character, or (2) another persons property. invasion of the right to privacy-A tort that constitutes the violation of a persons right to live his or her life without being subjected to unwarranted and undesired publicity. libel-A false statement that appears in a letter, newspaper, magazine, book, photograph, movie, video, etc. negligence per se-Tort where the violation of a statute or ordinance constitutes the breach of the duty of care. negligence-A tort related to defective products where the defendant has breached a duty of due care and caused harm to the plaintiff. negligent infliction of emotional distress-A tort that permits a person to recover for emotional distress caused by the defendants negligent conduct. palming off-Unfair competition that occurs when a company tries to pass one of its products as that of a rival. professional malpractice-The liability of a professional who breaches his duty of ordinary care. proximate cause or legal cause-A point along a chain of events caused by a negligent party after which this party is no longer legally responsible for the consequences of his or her actions. punitive damages-Damages that are awarded to punish the defendant, to deter the defendant from similar conduct in the future, and to set an example for others. res ipsa loquitur-Tort where the presumption of negligence arises because (1) the defendant was in exclusive control of the situation and (2) the plaintiff would not have suffered injury but for someones negligence. The burden switches to the defendant(s) to prove they were not negligent. slander-Oral defamation of character. social host liability-Rule that provides that social hosts are liable for injuries caused by guests who become intoxicated at a social function. States vary as to whether they have this rule in effect. strict liability-Liability without fault. superseding event-A defendant is not liable for injuries caused by a superseding or intervening event for which he or she is not responsible. tort of misappropriation of the right to publicity-An attempt by another person to appropriate a living persons name or identity for commercial purposes. tort-A wrong. There are three categories: (1) intentional torts, (2) unintentional torts (negligence), and (3) strict liability. trespass to land-A tort that interferes with an owners right to exclusive possession of land. trespass to personal property-A tort that occurs whenever one person injures another persons personal property or interferes with that persons enjoyment of his or her personal property. unfair competition-Competition that violates the law. Internet Links Torts generally: www.law.com American Bar Association Tort and Insurance Practice Section: www.abanet.org/tips/home.html Tort and Insurance Law Journal: www.abanet.org/tips/journal/lawjournal.html Discussion Question Knight v. Jewett Facts: On January 25, 1987, the day of the 1987 Super Bowl football game, plaintiff Kendra Knight and defendant Michael Jewett, together with a number of other social acquaintances, attended a Super Bowl party at the home of a mutual friend. During half time of the Super Bowl, several guests decided to play an informal game of touch football on an adjoining dirt lot, using a peewee football. Each team had four or five players and included both women and men; plaintiff and defendant were on opposing teams. No rules were explicitly discussed before the game. Five to ten minutes into the game, defendant ran into plaintiff during a play. According to plaintiff, at that point she told defendant not to play so rough or I was going to have to stop playing. Her declaration stated that [defendant] seemed to acknowledge my statement and left me with the impression that he would play less rough prospectively. In his deposition, defendant recalled that plaintiff had asked him to be careful, but did not remember plaintiff saying she would stop playing. On the very next play, plaintiff sustained the injuries that gave rise to the present lawsuit. As defendant recalled the incident, his team was on defense on that play, and he jumped up in an attempt to intercept a pass. He touched the ball but did not catch it, and in coming down collided with plaintiff, knocking her over. When he landed, he stepped backward onto plaintiffs right hand, injuring her hand and little finger. Both plaintiff and Andrea Starr, another participant in the game who was on the same team as plaintiff, recalled the incident differently from defendant. According to their declarations, at the time plaintiff was injured, Starr had already caught the pass. Defendant was running toward Starr, when he ran into plaintiff from behind, knocked her down, and stepped on her hand. Starr also stated that, after knocking plaintiff down, defendant continued running until he tagged Starr, which tag was hard enough to cause me to lose my balance, resulting in a twisting or spraining of my ankle. The game ended with plaintiffs injury, and plaintiff sought treatment shortly thereafter. After three operations failed to restore the movement in her little finger or to relieve the ongoing pain of the injury, plaintiffs finger was amputated. Plaintiff then instituted the present proceeding, seeking damages from defendant on theories of negligence and assault and battery. Imagine that you are on the California Supreme Court and are faced with this case. Do you rule that the plaintiff is barred any recovery because California has followed the common law theory of assumption of risk? Or do you rule that the plaintiffs conduct was such that she does not come within the doctrine of assumption of risk? Or finally, do you rule that the assumption of risk defense should simply be discarded in modern tort practice and you rule that the assumption of risk is no longer a valid doctrine in California. (Please note, I am not asking you to research the actual case, but rather to use the text and your own experience to guide your opinion.)

British Author Research Paper Essay

Lord Bryon once said, â€Å"Fools are my theme, let satire be my song†. A satire is a literary composition, in verse or prose, in which human folly and vice are held up to scorn, derision,or ridicule (dic.com). A well recognized satire is George Orwell’s Animal Farm. Orwell wrote this allegorical novella in England when the wartime alliance with the Soviet Union was at its height and Stalin was held in highest esteem in Britain both among the people and government. George Orwell wrote Animal Farm to fuse political purpose and artistic purpose into one whole, thus addressing the downfall of the Russian Revolution which was caused by its corrupt leaders and ignorant citizens. George Orwell was born Eric Arthur Blair. He was born on June 25th 1903 in Bengal, India to a British colonial civil servant. About a year after his birth, Orwell was brought back to England by his mother along with his older sister. He began writing poems at the age of four, ultimately getting one of his poems published in a local newspaper. In 1911 he went to St. Cyprian’s, on a partial scholarship, in the coastal town of Eastbourne, where he got his first taste of England’s class system. There he began to read the works of Rudyard Kipling and H. G. Wells. He was exceptionally intelligent that he received a scholarship to study at Eton college. After graduating, Orwell joined the India Imperial Police Force in 1922. After five years, he resigned his post and returned to England. He wanted to try his luck as a writer. He would spend his time between England and Paris, thus writing his first major work Down and Out in Paris and London. He felt that it would embarrass his family, so he published it under the pseudonym George Orwell. He was not successful and began to take up any job offer just to make ends meet. He later published Burmese Days, which offered a dark look at British colonialism in Burma, then part of the country’s Indian empire. Orwell’s interest in political matters grew rapidly after this novel was published. In 1937, Orwell traveled to Spain, where he joined one of the groups fighting against General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War. He was injured and left back for England. For years, Orwell had periods of sickness, and he was officially diagnosed with tuberculosis in 1938. Later, he landed a job with the BBC as a producer and in 1943 he became the literary editor for a socialist newspaper. Orwell is best known for two novels, Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four, both of which were published toward the end of his life. Animal Farm was published in 1945 and Nineteen Eighty-Four was published in 1949. Orwell, however, was not able to enjoy his success due to his battle with tuberculosis. He died on January 21, 1950, in a London hospital. England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, while the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separate it from continental Europe. It has a population of 53,013,000 inhabitants. The official language is British English. Christianity is the most widely practised religion in England. The major form of Christianity practised is Anglicanism. English folklore is big part of English Culture. Some of the characters and stories are present across England, but most belong to specific regions. Common folkloric beings include pixies, giants, elves, bogeymen, trolls, goblins and dwarves. Since the Early Modern Period the food of England has historically been characterised by its simplicity of approach and a reliance on the high quality of natural produce. Traditional examples of English food include the Sunday roast, featuring a roasted joint served with assorted vegetables, Yorkshire pudding, stuffing and gravy. Other prominent meals include fish and chips and the full English breakfast. Various meat pies and sausages are consumed by the British. Lancashire hotpot is a well known stew. Frequently consumed alcoholic drinks include wines, ciders and English beers, such as bitter, mild, stout, and brown ale. England has a strong sporting heritage, and during the 19th century codified many sports that are now played around the world. Sports originating in England include association football, cricket, and rugby. The basic political system in England is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary system. Today England is governed directly by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The monarch is Queen Elizabeth II and the prime minister is David Cameron MP. Animal Farm was published by Orwell on August 17th , 1945. This novel shows how potential ignorance and indifference to problems within a revolution could allow horrors to happen if a smooth transition to a people’s government is not achieved. The novel starts out with Old Major, a prize-winning boar, gathers the animals of the Manor Farm for a meeting in the big barn. He tells them of a dream he has had in which all animals live together with no human beings to oppress or control them. He tells the animals that they must work toward such a paradise and teaches them a song called â€Å"Beasts of England,† in which his dream vision is lyrically described. The animals greet Major’s vision with great enthusiasm. When he dies only three nights after the meeting, three younger pigs—Snowball, Napoleon, and Squealer—formulate his main principles into a philosophy called Animalism. Late one night, the animals manage to defeat the farmer Mr. Jones in a battle, running him off the land. They rename the property Animal Farm and dedicate themselves to achieving Major’s dream. At first, Animal Farm prospers. Snowball works at teaching the animals to read, and Napoleon takes a group of young puppies to educate them in the principles of Animalism. As time passes, however, Napoleon and Snowball increasingly quibble over the future of the farm, and they begin to struggle with each other for power and influence among the other animals. After chasing Snowball away, Napoleon assumes leadership of Animal Farm and declares that there will be no more meetings. From that point on, he asserts, the pigs alone will make all of the decisions—for the good of every animal. Napoleon orders the animals to construct a windmill, and the animals devote their efforts to completing it. One day, after a storm, the animals find the windmill toppled. Napoleon claims that Snowball returned to the farm to sabotage the windmill. He uses this as an excuse to rid the farm of various animals who have allegedly participated in Snowball’s great conspiracy by giving them instant death at the teeth of the attack dogs. With his leadership unquestioned, Napoleon begins expanding his powers, rewriting history to make Snowball a villain. Napoleon also begins to act more and more like a human being by sleeping in a bed, drinking whisky, and engaging in trade with neighboring farmers. The original Animalist principles strictly forbade such activities, but Squealer justifies every action to the other animals, convincing them that Napoleon is a great leader and is making things better for everyone even though the other animals are cold, hungry, and overworked. Mr. Frederick, a neighboring farmer, cheats Napoleon in the purchase of some timber and then attacks the farm and dynamites the windmill, which had been rebuilt at great expense. After the demolition of the windmill, a pitched battle ensues. Napoleon then sells his most loyal and long-suffering worker, Boxer, to a glue maker in order to get money for whisky. Years pass on Animal Farm, and the pigs become more and more like human being by walking upright, carrying whips, and wearing clothes. Eventually, the seven principles of Animalism, known as the Seven Commandments and inscribed on the side of the barn, become reduced to a single principle reading â€Å"all animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.† Napoleon entertains a human farmer named Mr. Pilkington at a dinner and declares his intent to ally himself with the human farmers against the laboring classes of both the human and animal communities. He also changes the name of Animal Farm back to the Manor Farm, claiming that this title is the â€Å"correct† one. Looking in at the party of elites through the farmhouse window, the common animals can no longer tell which are the pigs and which are the human beings. The story is meant to symbolize the downfall of the Russian Revolution and the corruption of Stalin. Old Major represents Karl Marx, as he originated Communism, hence Animalism. Napoleon represents Joseph Stalin, while Snowball represents Leon Trotsky. The attack dogs represent the Red Army, while Boxer represents the soviet workers. The rise of Stalin after the Russian Revolution inspired Orwell to write Animal Farm. It is satire on equality, where all barnyard animals live free from their human masters’ tyranny. Inspired to rebel by Major, an old boar, animals on Mr. Jones’ Manor Farm embrace Animalism and stage a revolution to achieve an idealistic state of justice and progress. A power-hungry pig, Napoleon, becomes a totalitarian dictator who leads the Animal Farm into â€Å"All Animals Are Equal / But Some Are More Equal Than Others† oppression. As an English author, Orwell traditionally used fictional characters to represent actual humans. The novel is an exceptional work of satire and meets its purpose of portraying the truth about the Soviet Union and turning point of the Russian Revolution.

The Importance Of Pluripotent Stem Cells - 952 Words

During the early 2000s, it was believed that embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were the only source of pluripotent cells. However, a revolutionary discovery by Shinya Yamanaka and his team in 2006 showed that skin cells can be artificially reprogrammed into a previously unknown form of pluripotent cells named induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), through the artificial addition of four transcription factors; †¢ Oct3/4 †¢ Sox2 †¢ C-Myc †¢ KLf4 These iPSCs were taken from mouse fibroblasts and subsequently, using the same group of transcription factors (along with others), iPSCs were successfully generated from human fibroblasts obtained from a human biopsy. This key advancement opened many opportunities in medical fields. Firstly, since iPCS can†¦show more content†¦Genome editing generally had a large time-scale and heavy cost associated with it, however, that is no longer the case due to a genome editing tool named CRISPR-Cas9. This tool is based on a natural system used by bacteria to protect themselves against viruses in which the bacteria disables the virus by cutting the viral DNA with an enzyme called Cas9. The adaptation of this naturally occurring phenomenon into CRISPR-Cas9 has opened the door to many incredible possibilities that were previously thought of as impossible. One possible use of CRISPR-Cas9 may be the curing of retroviruses. In 2015, scientists used CRISPR-Cas9 in the treatment of rats with HIV. The persistent co-expression of the Cas9 enzyme and specific guide RNA significantly diminished HIV-1 replication in infected CD4+ T cell cultures, which saw more than 50% of the HIV-1 virus being eradicated from the rats, as well as them being protected against new infection (Rafal K et al, 2016). This may serve as a pathway to the curing of HIV and other retroviruses. CRISPR-Cas9 could also be used to tackle one of the largest causes of death today, cancer. 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The Benefits Of Medicaid In America - 1380 Words

The ACA was passed in 2010 with the intentions to lower uninsured rates and costs of care delivery in the U.S. (Healthcare.gov, n.d.). One of the ACA provisions included Medicaid expansion. Through this provision, those with modified adjusted gross incomes up to 138% of the federal poverty level became eligible for Medicaid (Kaiser Family Foundation [KFF], 2012). Non-elderly, uninsured, childless adults who, prior to the legislation, were ineligible for Medicaid were the focus of this provision (KFF, 2012). As part of the Medicaid expansion, newly eligible adults must be offered alternative benefit plans (Medicaid and CHIP Payment and Access Commission [MACPAC], n.d.). Plans must provide 10 essential health benefits; none include dental†¦show more content†¦Beneficiaries are not the only ones bearing the costs of emergency dental services. The PEW Center on the States (2012), reported â€Å"the average cost of a Medicaid enrollee’s inpatient hospital treatment for dental problems is nearly 10 times more expensive than the cost of preventive care delivered in a dentist’s office.† Emergency departments are costly places for dental treatment and are significantly more expensive than a general practice dental visit (Wall, Nasseh, Vujicic, 2014). Additionally, emergency department personnel are usually inadequately trained to diagnose and treat dental conditions (Cohen, 2013). Consequently, oral health issues often persist and Medicaid ends up covering the cost of advanced disease. Though limited budgets compel states to modify Medicaid coverage of adult dental benefits, covering preventative oral care would provide financial benefits for both beneficiaries and states. Routine oral exams are more economically feasible than emergency services that do not address the root of oral problems. Access Lack of access to dental health services and providers also affects utilization rates within the adult Medicaid population (Licata Paradise, 2012; Davis., Deinard , Maà ¯ga, 2010; MacDougall, 2016; Hinton Paradise 2016; PEW Center on theShow MoreRelatedPopulation Impact of the Affordable Care Act1534 Words   |  7 Pagescare will become a right because of the federal government’s requirement that almost all American citizens have primary health insurance or face increasing tax fines starting in 2014 (Sparer, 2011). Implementation entails increasing eligibility for Medicaid or through a health insurance exchange with a list of options for affordable insurance based on income (Kaiser Commission, 2013). Increasing health insurance coverage to more Americans will increase the pool of resources for funding medical expensesRead MoreHealthcare And The Health Care System1750 Words   |  7 Pagesprofessionals. 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