Evolving Toward Ecstasy Essay

This workmanship audit by Robert Smith is on a Matisse Exhibition that was at the Metropolitan Museum of Art last November, â€Å"Matisse: In Search of True Painting. † The name of this article originates from a statement from Matisse himself, where he professes to work â€Å"towards what I feel; toward a sort of euphoria. † From the start of the article, Smith raves about this show. He calls it â€Å"one of the most thrillingly enlightening shows about this painter, or painting by and large, that you may ever observe. † His energy for it is unquestionable, however this might be a one-sided supposition, as he is by all accounts an immense devotee of Matisse himself. He appears to be really intrigued with Rebecca Rabinow, a caretaker of current and contemporary craftsmanship, and how she set up the show, however his adoration for the craftsman no doubt affected his view. He applauds the choice to show Matisse’s affinity for replicating pieces and working in arrangement. Two still life game plans with leafy foods are incorporated alongside four perspectives on Notre Dame as observed from Matisse’s window and numerous different arrangement and duplicates. He portrays the display as roomy as it is spread out through eight distinct exhibitions. In each pair or gathering of works, a smaller than expected course is made by Smith. He broadly expounds on how you could spend your whole visit in the second and third exhibitions with their mariners, nudes with white scarves and â€Å"contrasting mental harmonies and spatial medicines of the Laurettes. † He remarks on the course reading effortlessness of how the show is set up, letting your eyes meander through the various styles, surfaces, hues and by and large impact of Matisse’s works. There is no uncertainty that Smith has an extremely positive perspective on this Exhibition. He cheers the 49 outstanding works picked, for how they skim across Matisse’s long and beneficial vocation. In this survey, he talks about a lot of Matisse’s works, which influences from the purpose of the article, which was to evaluate the presentation. His help for it is glaring, however he may have gone off on an over the top digression on his adoration for Matisse and his gems. This survey could be advantageous to perusers, however it could likewise be deluding on the off chance that you aren’t effectively a devotee of Matisse’s workmanship. He glorifies the show in general, so its not so much clear if the quality is truly there, or if he’s only stricken with the craftsman showed.

Report on a case study involving ICT and instructional strategies Essay

Report on a contextual analysis including ICT and instructional techniques - Essay Example Furthermore, it is through connecting with ICT that learning characterizes itself as e-learning. Vigorously content-driven models are not, at this point sought after and show small comprehension of continuing on the web culture or thankfulness for commitment. Since content just depicts the 'I' of ICT, while the 'C' is progressively about connectedness, network, interchanges, setting, procedures, collaborations, and commitment. With the end goal of this activity the unit of work comprises of seven class periods, addresses were set up for grade level 6-8 understudies and the branch of knowledge was Life Science. There were three points, in particular 1) What's New with Dinosaurs 2) Dinosaur Detectives, and 3) Dinosaurs in Argentina. (RecoverySchool.com (2001). Task Discovery Online Curriculum. Recovered May 31, 2005 from http://www.discoveryschool.com). In the case of utilizing PCs in instructing or not, the significance, nearness and impact of the 3P individual and situational augur factors (for example capacities, inspirations, earlier information and relevant elements) credited to a given learning circumstance stay unaltered. These elements impact the learning procedure, or the methodology embraced by the understudy to the learning task; which thusly impacts the item, or results of learning. (The Nature of Learning and Teaching. Recovered May 31, 2005 from Dynamic development of learning is commonly acknowledged in contemporary training recognizing that it is significant for understudies to build their own insight as opposed to going about as detached students. Understudies ought to be urged to perceive this significance and ought to be permitted to develop their own learning. Core values for constructivism are; 1) present important issues, 2) secure exercise around 'enormous' ideas, 3) esteem understudies' perspective, 4) adjust educational plan to understudies' earlier information, and 5) survey truly. The idea of self-coordinated learning achieves a changed point of view in regard instructional systems. (Instructional Strategies In a Computer-Based Learning Environment. Recovered, May 31, 2005 from http://www.education.unisa.edu.au/training/school/subjects/educ5092/Strategies.html Systems must be planned and altered to recognize constructivist learning. Constructivist educators support understudy autonomy, use phrasing, for example, arrange, investigate, foresee, modify content dependent on understudy reactions, discover what understudies definitely know, urge understudies to participate in discourse, request that understudies expound on beginning reactions and permit understudies to connect new to earlier information along these lines encouraging intellectual clash because of conflicting encounters. (The Nature of Learning and Teaching. Recovered May 31, 2005 from http://education.qut.edu.au/irving/spb002/subject/build/Construst.htm) In the work unit these properties are reflected in thing 1 of the methodology applied to respond to the inquiry What's New with

Assessment Rating Scale

Assessment Rating Scale Children Functional Assessment Rating Scale Home›Research Posts›Children Functional Assessment Rating Scale Research PostsContentThis research seeks to investigate the history behind the Children Functional Assessment Rating Scale. The research also investigates what CFARS measures and the population it gets utilized. The paper also establishes the statistical measures of reliability and variability associated with CFARS, and what it intends to measure. This research is important because CFARS deals with the treatment of mental health amongst youths and adults who have connections with drug abuse. There have been various researches done by individual researchers as well as institutions on this topic. The scholars have more or less agreed on my topic, and my paper argues for a better interpretation.MethodologyA comparative case study is the methodology, which this study has utilized. This study employs the benefits of a comparative case study on the topic of discussion, which is Children Functional Assessment Rating Scale. This is because of abundance of information, and by referring to past researches, this research ascertains various information available on the topic of discussion. It also establishes the benefit associated with CFARS and provides recommendation if it is a viable system or not.Research FindingsChildren Functional Assessment Rating Scale has its origins in Florida. This program entails standardizing and documenting imitations regarding the mental status exams, which assess social, cognitive and role functioning. It also documents and standardizes impressions from clinical evaluations. According to research, the District 7 Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Office commenced this program in 1993 (Matson, 2010). The District 7 office, initially known as Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services commenced this program through liaising with Louis de la Parte Florida Mental Health Institute that is located in the University of South F lorida. District 7 (ADM) collaborated with Florida Mental health Institute so that they help them in devising measures that will assist them to establish the efficiency of their publicly funded children’s and adults mental health and substance abuse treatment (Matson, 2010). This led to Florida Mental Health Institute developing the Functional Assessment Rating Scale, which they adapted from the Colorado Client Assessment Record. They adapted this method because of its extensive history for evaluation of behavioral health services. By relying on the CCAR, they managed to make Functional Assessment Rating Scale, which was helpful in the documentation and standardization of impressions derived from individual’s mental statuses and clinical evaluations. This method was effected through the recording of information based on an individual’s current social functioning and cognitive behavior (Matson, 2010).Another institution that was helpful in the implementation of the Children Fun ctional Assessment Rating Scale is Florida Department of Children and Families (Ward, et al., 2006). This department with the assistance of the Florida Mental Health Institution implemented the Functional Assessment Rating Scale with the purpose of establishing its effectiveness in all the adult reported cases of mental health and substance abuse in Florida. This was done in the 1995- 1996 fiscal year (Ward, et al., 2006). According to Ward, et al, FMHI played an important part in the implementation of this project because they also contributed towards the conducting of a survey on the clinicians who successfully carried out the functional assessment rating scale for children in Florida. The FMHI used the information they collected from the research conducted for developing the Children’s Functional Assessment Rating Scale CFARS that is currently used (Ward, et al., 2006). Eventually, development of FARS and CFARS in Florida saw its adoption by other states such as the Wyoming, Ne w Mexico and Illinois. These states employed these two programs for evaluation of results regarding the general revenue for behavioral health services (Matson, 2010).There are several reasons as to why CFARS was developed. Firstly, CFARS facilitates the collection of functional assessment information for domains, which is necessary for children evaluation. Secondly, CFARS development was aimed at monitoring the Florida legislature planning and budgetary initiatives. Thirdly, CFARS acts as a library for clinicians, and agencies, as it has documents treatment planning and quality improvement information. Another aim for CFARS is for the provision of description regarding status change in average reports concerning children in Florida. This report would further be utilized for informing DCF’s authorization reports to the legislature.What Children’s Functional Assessment Rating Scale MeasuresThere are several domains that CFARS measures. The new behavior at home where a child reside s forms one of the domains. Under this domain, the CFARs measures how the child disregards rules, has conflicts with siblings or peers, defies authority, and the rate of conflicts between the child and the parents or guardians. “Thought process” and “Traumatic Stress” form the remainder of the areas that CFARS measures.Beneath these three categories, we have 16 domains that form the problems that are measured by the CFARS. These include home environment, depression, anxiety, thought process, hyperactivity, medical/physical, traumatic stress, family relationship, socio-legal, security management needs, CGAS, danger to others, interpersonal relationship, danger to self, cognitive performance, and ADL functioning.The domains further provide data that (Ward, et al., 2006) are important for the determination of the severity of more restrictive levels of care. Examples of restrictive levels of care include Residential Level I, Residential Case Management, and Children’s Crisis S tabilization. The information is also used for comparing the severity of drug use between substance abuse programs and mental health programs. The comparison between inpatient and outpatient substance abuse also rely on the domains established by CFARS.These domains provide useful information regarding the nature of the child in terms of functioning. For instance, it does this through the thorough examination of a child’s behavior in relation to his cognitive or social role functioning.The Population CFARS ratesThe population measured by use of the CFARS is children. According to research, CFARS can measure children and adolescents without a consideration of their emotional, mental, cognitive, physical or their behavioral problems. It is utilized on children depicting desired development milestones, display appropriate age, and do not display symptoms related to cognitive, social or behavioral difficulty. Such children are ranked with a one, indicating a lack of problems, and some time are ranked with a two depicting a less than slight problems (Ward, et al., 2006).The CFARS also rates the children or adolescent population that displays animosity in terms of their relationship to their family, siblings, at work or school. CFARS also measure children and adolescents that are undergoing treatment in relation to one of the named domains. It is employed in the measure of this variable because it assists in establishing if further care is needed in the treatment of that domain or not.CFARS Statistical Measures of Reliability and ValidityThe reliability of the CFARS statistical measure provides a case of already examined domains carried out in DCF district 7. These domains represent the results that achieved during the early phases of the implementation period.The reliability of the CFARS domains is displayed on a graph with two axis, one representing CFARS Interrater Reliability while the other axis representing Correlation Coefficients (n=47). The Reliability of the CFARS uses the graph to show how the method can be trusted to provide useful information regarding the behavior of the child. The Reliability of the CFARS also depicts the mistakes that the raters can make when examining a child placed under the program. For instance, most statistical measures of Reliability usually depict a lower interrater reliability of the Home Environment and the Family Relationship, the problem with this case is because of children who were initially in foster homes being admitted into counseling and case management services (Matson, 2010).The statistical reliability of the CFARS also provides a basis for the raters to lay their arguments as to why they chose to rank some domains lowly. The domains that were lowly ranked include “thought Process” and “Traumatic Stress”. Research alludes that raters blame this abnormally on these two categories as containing functional elements. Furthermore, the raters concluded that there was the presence of stress disorder symptoms and psychotic symptoms that complicate the analysis of the thought process and traumatic stress domains causing a need for a more inclusive word to represent these domains.On the other hand, research establishes that the statistical measure of validity comprises of the way, to ascertain the truthfulness of the problem severity rating. This is done through the comparison and contrasting of the admission ratings at secluded levels of care. The statistical measures of validity also seek to substantiate if what is measured is the intended problem severity rating (Mihalcin, 2008).According to research, validity of the statistical measures reveals a higher mean problem linked that has a connection to extra restrictive levels of care. This is so because children depicting more severe problems need preference in admission to restrictive levels of care. From the results obtained under the statistical validity of the CFARS, it is established that there is an issue with the problem, severity, rating domains (Matson, 2010). The more restrictive levels of care such as Children’s Crisis Stabilization, Residential Case Management, and Residential Level I depicted higher mean condition severity ratings in comparison to the less intensive services such as community case management, day treatment and Outpatient Counseling (Ward, et al., 2006).Research indicates that the statistical measures of validity provide proof that the average problem severity ratings are higher in the more restrictive levels of care. The statistical measures of validity also provide proof that the “more serious” related areas include “danger to others” and danger to self”.What the Statistical Measures of Reliability and Validity intend to MeasureThe Reliability of the CFARS domains helps in the measurement of how accurate the rater’s performed their task. The Reliability of the CFARS domains measure this information through dealing away with terms that seem too complex fo r the raters to come up with a reasonable and one sided conclusion concerning a child’s responses and history. It can be concluded that the statistical measures of reliability has a function of showing how dependable the raters are (Mihalcin, 2008).Research alludes that the statistical measures of validity have the sole function of establishing that the problem severity rating scales are performing the function that they were intended. In addition, the validity of the CFARS domains also measure why certain variables are high at some level than others.Conclusions and RecommendationsThe Children Functional Assessment Rating Scale has its roots in Florida. It commenced in 1993 with the District 7 Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health acting as its initiator. However, the District7 Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health cold not manage to complete the project solely, and so they sought the assistance of Louise de la parte Florida Mental Health Institute located in South Florida. The Fl orida Mental Health Institute contributed significantly to the success of this project as they ensured the success of establishing efficiency in the ADM’s publicly funded children’s and adult’s Mental health and Substance use. Another contribution by FMHI includes facilitating the clinicians who successfully carried out the functional assessment rating scale for children in Florida. The Florida Department of Children and Families also contributed in making CFARS a success. This department liaised with Florida Mental Health Institution, to necessitate the Functional Assessment Rating Scale with the purpose of establishing its effectiveness in all the adult reported cases of mental health and substance abuse in Florida. The eventual adoption of FARS and CFARS saw its adoption by other states such Wyoming, Illinois, and New Mexico.Malta also copied this technique and inculcated it into its system. Among reasons for establishing CFARS, include the fact that CFARS facilitates the c ollection of functional assessment information for domains, which is necessary for children evaluation. Secondly, CFARS development aimed at monitoring the Florida legislature planning and budgetary initiatives. Another aim for CFARS is for the provision of description regarding status change in average reports concerning children in Florida. CFARS measure several problems related to a child’s behavior. It measures these problems in relation to how severe they can influence a child or the problems can be treated successfully. CFARS measures problems such as depression, socio-legal, danger to others, cognitive performance, and substance use. Initially, CFARS helped in measurement of all the population, but currently it is most utilized among children. Statistical measures of Reliability and Validity play different roles. The Statistical measures of Validity substantiate the problems severity being measured to be the exact one intended. On the other hand, statistical measures of Rel iability help the raters to find relevant explanation as to why they employed the methods they did among certain domains. Some of the recommendations include the provision of clarity in the domains employed so that they are not changed from time to time.

Biography of Kurt Schwitters, German Collage Artist

Kurt Schwitters (June 20, 1887 - January 8, 1948) was a German collage artist who anticipated many later movements in modernist art, including the use of found objects, Pop Art, and art installations. Initially influenced by Dadaism, he created his own style, which he called Merz. He used found objects and items others considered garbage to create aesthetically appealing works of art. Fast Facts: Kurt Schwitters Full Name: Kurt Hermann Eduard Karl Julius SchwittersOccupation: Collage artist and painterBorn: June 20, 1887 in Hanover, GermanyDied: January 8, 1948 in Kendal, EnglandParents: Eduard Schwitters and Henriette BeckemeyerSpouse: Helma FischerChild: Ernst SchwittersSelected Works: Revolving (1919), Construction for Noble Ladies (1919), The Merzbau (1923-1937)Notable Quote: The picture is a self-sufficient work of art. It is not connected to anything outside. Early Life and Career Kurt Schwitters was born into a middle-class family in Hanover, Germany. At age 14, he suffered an epileptic seizure, a condition that recurred throughout much of his life and had a significant impact on the way he looked at the world. Schwitters began studying art at the Dresden Academy in 1909 seeking a traditional career as a painter. In 1915, when he returned to Hanover, his work reflected a post-impressionist style, showing no impact from modernist movements such as cubism. In October 1915, he married Helma Fischer. They had one son who died as an infant and a second son, Ernst, born in 1918. Initially, Kurt Schwitters epilepsy exempted him from military service in World War I, but as conscription expanded late in the war, he faced enlistment. Schwitters didnt serve in battle, but he spent the last 18 months of the war serving as a technical draftsman in a factory. Genja Jonas / Public Domain First Collages The economic and political collapse of the German government at the end of World War I had a profound impact on Karl Schwitters art. His painting turned toward Expressionist ideas, and he began picking up litter in the streets as found objects to incorporate into works of art. Schwitters gained the attention of other artists in postwar Berlin with his first one-person exhibition at Der Sturm Gallery. He created a non-sensical Dada-influenced poem, An Anna Blume, for the event and displayed his first collage works. Through the use of items that others would consider garbage, Schwitters illustrated his idea that art could emerge from destruction. Construction for Noble Ladies (1919). Kurt Schwitters / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain Kurt Schwitters was suddenly a respected member of the Berlin avant-garde. Two of his closest contemporaries were Austrian artist and writer Raoul Hausmann and German-French artist Hans Arp. Merz or Psychological Collage While he engaged directly with many artists in the Dada movement, Kurt Schwitters devoted himself to the development of his own style that he labeled Merz. He adopted the name when he found a piece of an advertisement from the local bank or kommerz that contained only the last four letters. The Merz magazine first appeared in 1923. It helped solidify Schwitters place in the European art world. He supported lectures and performances by a wide range of Dada artists, musicians, and dancers. He often created collages to help advertise the events. The Merz collage style is also often called psychological collage. Kurt Schwitters work avoids non-sensical construction by trying to make sense of the world with a harmonious juxtaposition of found objects. The materials included sometimes made witty references to current events, and other times were autobiographical including bus tickets and items given to the artist by friends. In 1923, Kurt Schwitters began the construction of the Merzbau, one of the most ambitious of his Merz projects. He ultimately transformed six rooms of his familys house in Hanover. The process was a gradual one and involved contributions of art and objects from Schwitters ever-expanding network of friends. He completed the first room in 1933 and expanded from there into other parts of the house until fleeing to Norway in 1937. A bombing raid destroyed the building in 1943. Merzbau. Sprengel Museum / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain In the 1930s, Kurt Schwitters reputation spread internationally. His work appeared in two landmark 1936 exhibitions at the Museum of Modern Art in 1936. One show was titled Cubism and Abstract Art and the other Fantastic Art, Dada, and Surrealism. Exile from Germany In 1937, the Nazi government in Germany labeled Kurt Schwitters work degenerate and confiscated it from museums. On January 2, 1937, after finding out that he was wanted for an interview with the Gestapo, Schwitters fled to Norway to join his son who left a week earlier. His wife, Helma, stayed behind in Germany to manage their property. She visited Norway regularly until the outbreak of World War II in September 1939. The last time Kurt and Helma saw each other was a family celebration in Oslo, Norway in June 1939. Helma died in 1944 of cancer before World War II ended. After Nazi Germany invaded and occupied Norway in 1940, Schwitters escaped to Scotland with his son and daughter-in-law. As a German national, he was subject to a series of interments by the U.K. authorities in Scotland and England until he eventually arrived at Hutchinson Square in Douglas on the Isle of Man on July 17, 1940. Dadaists in Germany including Kurt Schwitters. Apic / Getty Images A collection of terraced houses around Hutchinson Square served as an internment camp. Most of those in residence were German or Austrian. It soon became known as an artists camp since so many internees were artists, writers, and other intellectuals. Kurt Schwitters soon became one of the most prominent residents of the camp. He soon opened up studio space and took on art students, many of whom later became successful artists. Schwitters earned release from the camp in November 1941, and he moved to London. There he met Edith Thomas, the companion of his last years. Kurt Schwitters met a number of other artists in London including British abstract artist Ben Nicholson and Hungarian modernist pioneer Laszlo Moholy-Nagy. Later Life In 1945, Kurt Schwitters moved to the Lake District of England with Edith Thomas for the last stage of his life. He moved into new territory in his painting creating what are considered precursors to the later Pop Art movement in a series titled For Kate after his friend, art historian Kate Steinitz. Schwitters spent many of his last days working on what he called the Merzbarn in Elterwater, England. It was a recreation of the spirit of the destroyed Merzbau. To maintain his income, he was forced to paint portraits and landscape pictures that could be sold easily to residents and tourists. These show a heavy influence from his Post-Impressionist past. Kurt Schwitters died on January 8, 1948, from chronic heart and lung disease. This is a cover of a book of 8 lithographs entitled Die Kathedrale, published in Hanover in 1920. This publication was created as response to the Dadaism included in the periodical Dada: Receuil litteraire et artistique by Tristan Tzara. Corbis via Getty Images / Getty Images Legacy and Influence Whether intentional or not, Kurt Schwitters was a pioneer anticipating many later developments in modernist art. His use of found materials anticipated the later collage work of artists like Jasper Johns and Robert Rauschenberg. He believed that art couldnt be and shouldnt be restricted to a frame on a wall. That point of view impacted the later development of installation and performance art. The series For Kate is considered proto-pop art through its use of a comic book art style. Merzzeichnung 47 (1920). Kurt Schwitters / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain Arguably, the most complete representation of Schwitters artistic point of view was his beloved Merzbau. It allowed those in the building to immerse themselves in an aesthetic environment composed of found objects, autobiographical references, and the contributions of friends and acquaintances. Sources Schulz, Isabel. Kurt Schwitters: Color and Collage. The Merrill Collection, 2010.

Is Superstition Not Superstition Essay - 924 Words

Nestled in between two countries is a great gorge, a river flowing through the bottom. The sides are made of rock and they reach their rigid hands up to the sky. When the sun falls, pinks, purples, and oranges paint over the landscape. It looks almost mystical. It is here that we are taught never to go. Although the danger seems to be gone in the summer months, very few venture out into the gorge. They say it’s beautiful, that the stars have never looked as bright as they did staring up at them passed those strange bony fingers. However, I refuse to see the beauty in such evil. Even in the winter, there are a few that journey down to the river. They swear the danger is simply superstition. What could get them? They know which plants are poisonous and they feel certain that they would win in a fight against some sort of bear. Sometimes they go for curiosity and sometimes they go because it’s said that once the river is frozen, access to a cave deep in the valley is easie r. Supposedly, within its walls lies a precious metal that’s worth more than anyone’s life. I think that’s stupid. What could be more valuable than life? My brother was one of those with that intense curiosity. He was years older than I but was always getting into trouble. My mother and father were forever biting their nails and pacing by the fire until the middle of the night waiting for him to come home. They were always afraid he would do something to get himself into trouble. One fall day when IShow MoreRelatedSuperstition : Superstition And Superstition1016 Words   |  5 Pages Jenee Smith English 1102 March 1, 2016 Superstition Superstition refers to unreasonable fear and belief of something that is unknown. The extent of this belief and the fear is common, not only among the illiterate, tribal and senior citizens, but even amongst the educated ones, and the people guided by rational thoughts. 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Impact Of Technology Medical Field Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(42) " or injected with a particular x-ray dye\." Medical engineering in a wide manner has frequently been used to mention to the equipments, processs, and procedures by which medical services are delivered. This encompasses disease diagnosing, monitoring of disease conditions and intervention, with an purpose of bettering the quality of health care delivered and patient results, by timely diagnosing, efficient intervention and usage of less invasive sawboness. Healthcare expenditures remain an of import portion of national merchandises of developed states. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact Of Technology Medical Field Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Medical practicians are faced with high outlooks on healthcare public presentation among citizens due to additions awareness on wellness related jobs, high life anticipation and emphases put on care of high quality of medical services. The high incidences of disease complications and chronic conditions due to the alterations of life styles have fueled the medical field the recent health care inventions. These outlooks propel the field to computing machine applications. Technological progresss have intensified since the 1980s. This has revolutionized the medical field. The rate of alteration is that the medical professionals are holding a job get bying with the alteration. This alteration has come in signifier of practical physicians, computing machine aided operations, usage of root cells, testing engineerings, Computerized Tomography scanner, Magnetic Resonance Imaging technique, usage of Ultra sound, Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator, usage of Capsule Endoscopy, Robotic Surgi cal System, Circulatory aid devices and biomedical technology. With the increased cyberspace use, the medical professionals are set uping what can be referred to as practical infirmaries. These are cyberspace based infirmaries where patient ‘s demands are attended to online. The patient or the individual taking attention of the patient electronic mail the physician via cyberspace and the physician, after reexamining the instance advises the patient consequently. This engineering has produced a new harvest of physicians referred to as cyberspace physicians. An illustration of such is the World Clinic at Lahey Clinic Center near Boston started by Dr. Daniel Carlin. The Clinic serves clients from around the Earth among them crewmans, concern executives and tourers. The clinic has been able to use nine physicians within a period of three old ages of being, a testimony to the popularity of the thought ( Gorman 2001 ) . Promotion of engineering has besides brought about Intensification of engineering convergence which involves sharing of medical information, between medical practicians, medical devices and information webs has been the modern tendency impacting health care ( ZieliA„ski 2005 ) . Usually engineering convergence includes the sharing of patients present and past medical information, critical marks, clinical research lab consequences, patient dismaies, prescribed and implemented interventions, and perchance the patient organic structure response. This is adopted by medical professionals to entree information about the patient. The systems can be used in hospital charge sections, researches, and for measuring the clinical effectivity of recommended interventions. The possible benefits are workflow cyclosis, seamless recording and sharing of information, and an overall patient attention betterment. A uniformly presented patient informations have resulted to better clinical determinat ion devising and designation of clinical complaints while they are still manageable. Use of tissue root cells is another technological discovery that has had a enormous consequence on the medical field. Tissue root cells besides known as grownup root cells are regenerative cells of the human organic structure that possess the ability to specialise and develop into other tissues of the organic structure. Get downing in an unspecialised and undeveloped province, these cells can be coaxed to go bosom tissue, tegument cells and many other tissues ( Shi A ; Singh 2008 ) . The cells are found in human organic structure variety meats and tissues such fat, bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, placenta, neural beginnings and olfactive tissues. Stem cell engineering has made a great alteration in the medical field in that diseased or damaged tissues can now go healthy and robust through the extract of such cells. Doctors have utilized root cells in intervention of autoimmune diseases such as multiple induration, arthritic arthritis and Crohn ‘s disease ( Shi A ; Singh 20 08 ) . Technology has besides brought alterations in surgery in signifier of the less invasive surgery which is now preferred as the surgical attack for many diseases, including malignant neoplastic disease and bosom disease. It is chiefly done on outpatients and merely on an nightlong stay in infirmary ( Scuderi 2009 ) . Less invasive processs are performed through one or more short scratchs unlike unfastened surgery that requires long scratchs. The procedure is less painful with less postoperative hurting on the patient. Through the less invasive surgery there is an overall better result with faster recovery and a shorter infirmary stay. Even though laparoscopic techniques vary, sawboness insert long thin tubing with a lighted camera at its tip, through the scratch. Two dimension images are sent from the camera at the surgical site, to a high definition proctor throughout the operation, and are watched by the sawbones. Screening is the probe of symptomless persons to observe those with a high chance of developing or holding a given complication. Diseases that present a important wellness job are identified by testing and countervail the cost of incommodiousness and farther complications every bit good as possible injuries. The purpose of showing is to extinguish or detain decease from diseases. With prevalence of chest malignant neoplastic disease staying high it is estimated that mortality from chest malignant neoplastic disease in United States is 40 000 adult females. Breast malignant neoplastic disease testing utilizing screen-film mammography is used ( Bassett 2005 ) . The mammography testing involves exposure to radiations. Its value is in assisting salvage lives by early sensing. Diagnostic free adult females are exposed to x-ray. In such operations high proficient quality images are produced and competent image readings is done for successful results. Computerized Tomography scanner uses X raies and a computing machine to do images of variety meats inside the organic structure. It takes images of cross subdivision of the organic structure organs. At times the patient is asked to imbibe a particular liquid or injected with a particular x-ray dye. You read "Impact Of Technology Medical Field Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" A CT scanner has a unit of ammunition Centre gap and a level bed to lie on. While lying on the bed, it easy moves to the gap where images are taken under the CT staff control. The benefits are that inside informations of parts inside the organic structure such as lungs and blood vass are obtained without utilizing surgery. The CT scans uses radiations that are accurate, fast, and painless and leave no radiations after the scan is finished. Positron Emission Tomography a organic structure scanning method that detects radioactive substances injected into the organic structure. It is used to supply information on map and assist distinguish normal tissue from malignant neoplastic disease, instead that information on construction. The Magnetic Resonance Imaging technique has been used chiefly to bring forth high quality images of the inside human organic structure constructions in medical scenes. It produces elaborate images of variety meats and tissues throughout the organic structure without the demand of X raies. Images of ocular equivalent of an anatomy piece utilizing wireless frequences, a computing machine and a big magnet that surrounds the patient. An MRI is painless and the magnetic Fieldss produce no known sorts of tissue harm Nuclear medical specialty diagnosis technique is a technique that uses minimum sums of radioactive stuffs that are introduced into the organic structure. When these arterials are introduced into the organic structure hey are taken up by specific variety meats, tissues or castanetss, the emanations generated provide important information on a peculiar disease of malignant neoplastic disease. Since the information given describes organ map and non merely construction many diseases including malignant neoplastic disease are detected early. The other medical technique is the usage of Ultra sound. This incorporates the usage of high -frequency sound moving ridges and their reverberations. The technique has a close comparing with the echo sounding used by giants, mahimahi and chiropterans. These machines are portable and they display the strengths and distances of the reverberations produced on the screen, organizing a two dimension image. Some images can even be formed without utilizing radiations particularly in OBs and gynaecology besides in cardiology and urogenital medicine. The technological invention of an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator is an astonishing experience that literally brings patients back from the threshold of decease. It ‘s a device that is of the size of a beeper that monitors the bosom rate ( Liem 2001 ) . It utilizes batteries to direct electric signals to a bosom that ‘s crushing excessively slow or reconstruct unnatural pulse to a bosom that is crushing much to fast or chaotically. The cardiac defibrillation is a preventative intervention in selected patients at high cardiac decease hazard caused by Malignant Ventricular Arrhythmias. Basically, for people with a bad bosom beat job, a defibrillator is implanted near the neckband bone, under the tegument at the thorax and wires run to the bosom. When the bosom rate is non normal, it tries to return the pulse back to normal. Abnormality occurs either when the pulse is excessively slow, and it works as a pacesetter and sends bantam electrical signals to the bosom, or w hen the pulse is helter-skelter or excessively fast, it generates defibrillation dazes to collar the unnatural beat. In the twelvemonth 2000 physicians from England reported the usage of Capsule Endoscopy to find the causes of little intestine hemorrhage ( Classen 2010 ) . The capsule has a battery with 6 hr lifetime, a strong visible radiation beginning, a camera and a sender. After get downing of the capsule, it transmits images of the interior of the gorge, tummy and little bowel to a receiving system worn as a belt by the patient. The receiving system is returned to the physician after 6 hours, who loads the information into computing machine and reexamine it, to observe GI abnormalcies. The capsule is passed out through the colon and eliminated in the stool. However if the capsule acquire stuck in the little bowel, surgical remotion is undertaken ( Collins 2008 ) . So far the capsule is considered safe and easy to take since merely rare instances of side effects have been reported. The promotion has been used to research the tight twisted countries of the little bowel, which traditional invasi ve tube-and-lens endoscopes can non make. While congestive bosom failure remains a taking cause of cardiac disablement and decease, promotion of pharmacologic therapies is guaranting that patients are populating longer and more productive lives. Circulatory assist devices have been used for the direction of patients with bosom complaints where the intercessions have failed. In 1982 an unreal bosom was implanted into Barney Clark ( Bankston 2002 ) . Although he merely survived for 112days, subsequently a figure of experimental devices were implanted throughout the universe. It has led to intervention solutions for terminal bosom diseases ; heart specialists have overcome organ rejections and enhanced drawn-out endurance rates of transplant patients. The unreal bosom consists of a hydraulic pump, an internal battery, an external battery and an internal accountant unit. In the military medical aid, the Robotic Surgical System has been used to handle a hurt soldier in the battleground utilizing advanced diagnostic and operated machines from distant location. The automaton carries out bids of a sawbones that controls the procedures ; otherwise the automaton can non execute the surgery by itself. The physician receives a picture eating from the automaton and utilizes a system of surgical operators to execute the operations. His actions and voice bids are communicated wirelessly to the machine-controlled system as he moves his custodies in operators ; the automaton so replicates his actions. Besides due to parade in battlegrounds that loose their custodies and weaponries there is a plan that is underway to revolutionise upper organic structure prosthetics. This is being researched on to develop improved unreal weaponries that would execute like existent weaponries controlled by the cardinal nervous system. On the converse what was ab initio an art of lovingness and compassion, has clearly become a scientific discipline of medical specialty and positions disease as licking. More involvement is made on the technological promotion and disease but non the single being treated.The life prolonging machines has lead to the modern phenomenon of deceasing when machines are shut off. Dehumanization by engineering is good exhibited during the decease of a patient ; he is surrounded by machines and impersonal systems in intensive attention units instead than their families at place. Professionalism in the medical attention has been characterized by a turning withdrawal from the alone concerns of single patients and a loss personal relationship to the patients. Health workers no longer associate to the full to patients as other persons but as representatives of professions and healthcare organisations. The trefoils have become more bureaucratic and impersonal. As a consequence of this there has ari sen the inequality between those in demand of medical aid and those with the capableness of reacting to the demand. Although great progresss in the medical field have added value to the human life, this impersonal quality of attention coupled with the inequality has led to turning misgiving and a feeling of dehumanisation by the patients. The electronics industry has incorporated the biomedical technology in research development of instruments ; design and alteration of contraptions to relieve hurting extend life and reconstruct wellness. Biomedical applied scientists spend tonss of clip planing electrical circuits and computing machine package for medical instruments Progresss in medical engineering have big benefits in health care. These technological progresss besides raise healthcare outgo significantly ( Moody 2006 ) . To run the machines, great professionalism and old ages of expertness is required doing the cost of such services rise by a great border. The research and experimentation before the engineering is authenticated, requires pecuniary investing that finally must be recovered and the much required work force compensated. Particularly for the inventions that their use does non distribute to the full population, in the long tally services become about beyond range. Globally the cost of intervention has risen with technological development. The benefits gained have outweighed the extra cost of health care services. The desire to happen better ways to handle patients as they compete with other suppliers have motivated the involvement to make new merchandises and for a clearer apprehension of human organic structure anatomy and physiolog y. The handiness of high engineering diagnosing and engineering has led to a better quality of life. In the medical field there has been a more elaborate apprehension of disease pathogenesis and organic structure physiology. By such acquisition, diseases that antecedently were termed as untreatable and accounted for high mortalities in human populations, have been favourably been combated. Ailments that are symptomless can be detected early plenty before the down the organic structure functionality, and its defence mechanisms. Although the cost of intervention gave gone up, more resources are saved due to cut downing the devastation on organic structure variety meats and tissues, and besides human resources lost while patient are in weak conditions for a long clip. Many patients view new medical innovations as the replies to their health care jobs. There is ever room for medical innovations, as every twenty-four hours dawns diseases and particularly malignant neoplastic disease cells re quire more understanding and more effectual interventions. There are much more medical technological promotion that have been made including, birth controls, birthrate aid utilizing trial tubing babes, that have relieved twosomes of their psychological and physiological emphasiss. The measure that remains is to give more attempt to doing the current engineering accessible. How to cite Impact Of Technology Medical Field Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Sociological Concepts of Shutter Island Essay Example

Sociological Concepts of Shutter Island Paper Shutter Island is about a World War II veteran, Andrew Laeddis who believes he is a United States marshal. He believe he has been sent to Ashecliffe mental hospital in Shutter Island, Boston to investigate a missing patient. Along the way Andrew faces several hardships but those that are most pressing lie in the areas of deviance, illness, and intelligence. Andrew Laeddis is actually at Ashecliffe because he killed his wife after she drowned their three children in the lake behind their house. He knew he was mentally ill but did not find her appropriate help, therefore making him feel responsible for the death of his children. He created the alter ego of U. S. Marshal Teddy Daniels because he could not stand to be Andrew Laeddis knowing what he had done to contribute to his childrens death. Although it was not his own deviance that left him in Ashecliffe, it was his wives that did. No matter the circumstances, murder goes against social norms and most often entails some form of punishment. All of the people around him while at Ashecliffe were deviants, mostly murders and became a part of who he was as Teddy Daniels. Perhaps, Andrew Laeddis did not seek help for his wife Dolores because of the negative stigma that goes along with mental illness. She believed there was a bug in her brain, Andrew was aware of this and his ignorance may have ultimately lead to the death of his three children. Andrew created an alternate universe for himself where he did not have to feel guilt. We will write a custom essay sample on Sociological Concepts of Shutter Island specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sociological Concepts of Shutter Island specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sociological Concepts of Shutter Island specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He said he would rather die a good man, than live as a monster. Although it was ultimately mental illness, his knowledge helped him cope with the trauma he had faced. His doctors were able to create a role play that helped him realize the truth. Shortly after, he relapsed, likely because reality was too difficult for him to deal with. Many social issues are addressed in Shutter Island. Humans often face the issues of deviance, illness, and knowledge. Andrew Laeddis story was able to bring all of these issues to a whole new level.

Women of Greece essays

Women of Greece essays If you were a woman how would you rather be treated? If you are the relaxed, dependent type, perhaps you would find the life of the typical Athenian woman agreeable. Athenian women spent most of their lives indoors doing mostly domestic activities. But if you are an independent type of lady, who enjoys exercise, not overly modest, and do not mind sharing your bed with more than one man, then you would probably enjoy the life of a Spartan woman. The basic similarity between the lives of the women in these two city-states was that they had the same overall role: bearing strong children. The soldier-centered state was the most liberal state in regards to the status of women. Women did not go into military training but they were educated in a similar fashion. Their daily life was spent outside doing physical training. The women were required to do physical training just as vigorous as the males of Sparta; contests of running and strength existed for each sex. The motive for these physical activities for the women was so that they would be able to be strong mothers. The state determined if children, male and female, were strong or weak. Weakling children were left in the hills to die of exposure. In Alkmans Partheneia, the women of Sparta were permitted to exercise nude, which supposedly added to their beauty. The contests were where young men could see were intended to incite men to marry. The upbringing of an Athenian woman was quite different. Her status in Greek society was just a small step above slaves. At birth an Athenian girl was not expected to learn how to read, write, or even earn an education. Menander commented on the teaching of reading and writing to women, What a terrible thing to do! Like feeding a vile snake on more poison. They had no legal or political rights. They spent most of their day inside in the womens quarters. Training in household skills was considered the only edu...

Anchisaurus - Facts and Figures

Anchisaurus - Facts and Figures Name: Anchisaurus (Greek for near lizard); pronounced ANN-kih-SORE-us Habitat: Woodlands of eastern North America Historical Period: Early Jurassic (190 million years ago) Size and Weight: About six feet long and 75 pounds Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Long, slim body; ridged teeth for shredding leaves About Anchisaurus Anchisaurus is one of those dinosaurs that was discovered ahead of its time. When this small plant-eater was first excavated (from a well in East Windsor, Connecticut, of all places) in 1818, no one knew quite what to make of it; the bones were initially identified as belonging to a human, until the discovery of a nearby tail put an and to that idea! It was only decades later, in 1885, that the famous American paleontologist Othniel C. Marsh conclusively identified Anchisaurus as a dinosaur, though its exact classification couldnt be pinned down until more was known in general about these long-extinct reptiles. And Anchisaurus was certainly strange compared to most dinosaurs discovered up to that time, a human-sized reptile with grasping hands, a bipedal posture, and a swollen belly populated by gastroliths (swallowed stones that aided in the digestion of tough vegetable matter). Today, most paleontologists consider Anchisaurus to have been a prosauropod, the family of svelte, occasionally bipedal plant-eaters of the late Triassic and early Jurassic periods that were distantly ancestral to the giant sauropods, like Brachiosaurus and Apatosaurus, that roamed the earth during the later Mesozoic Era. However, its also possible that Anchisaurus represented some kind of transitional form (a so-called basal sauropodomorph), or that prosauropods as a whole were omnivorous, since theres (inconclusive) evidence, based on the shape and arrangement of its teeth, that this dinosaur may occasionally have supplemented its diet with meat. Like many dinosaurs discovered in the early 19th century, Anchisaurus has gone through its fair share of name changes. The fossil specimen was originally named Megadactylus (giant finger) by Edward Hitchcock, then Amphisaurus by Othniel C. Marsh, until he discovered that this name was already preoccupied by another animal genus and settled instead on Anchisaurus (near lizard). Further complicating matters, the dinosaur we know as Ammosaurus may actually have been a species of Anchisaurus, and both of these names are probably synonymous with the now-discarded Yaleosaurus, named after Marshs alma mater. Finally, a sauropodomorph dinosaur discovered in South Africa in the early 19th century, Gyposaurus, may yet wind up being assigned to the Anchisaurus genus.

Read the requirement carefully Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Read the requirement carefully - Essay Example An increased number of public as well as private sector firms in the period of 1980s started the utilization of teams for task completion. Soon after a decade, this trend spread rapidly as small manufacturing enterprises started developing effective and strong managerial and production teams in order to yield better performance and enhanced job satisfaction. It appears that the usage of teams has disseminated to the extent that now the mechanistic and bureaucratic organizational designs have become an exception instead of being a norm. This paper attempts to explore the impact of deployment of teams rather than individual employees for organizational task accomplishments over the organizational success. Moreover, the factors that may hinder in the effective performance of a team will be assessed as well as the ways to overcome such issues will be sorted (Maxwell, 2002). Team Defined A team may be defined in terms of work groups that are appointed with the accomplishment of a performa nce job that necessitates joint cooperation. Thus teams are distinguished from other group types as it emphasized collective performance instead of focusing on individual learning outcomes that may be acquired while working in groups (Ryan, 2012). Levels of a team In order to accomplish desired level of performance, teams are assessed at various levels. These are individual member level, issue or content level, psychological or interaction level, procedure or method level and the outside relation level. Individual member level is an affair of individual perceptions, personalities, ideas and concepts, emotions, behaviours and intentions. Content level focuses on the content of the task undertaken by the team; the psychological level focuses on the mutual group members’ attitudes as well as the state of affair between them, roles, behaviour pattern as well as the observed climate. Method level ails problem solving techniques such as decision methodologies, rules or regulations within team analysis and creativity skills. The outside group relations deals with the relations or contacts as well as information cultivated with the other members of organization taking into consideration the deputizing rules (Harvey, Millett & Smith, 1998). Relevancy of Teams in an Organization Teams are relevant to organizations in various situations such as when competing organizations are utilizing teams, when organization is required to be flattened, when improving quality is the main focus of organization, when teams are needed or desired by employees, when in order to provide quick response to organization flexibility is needed and when the tasks needed to be completed require diverse knowledge and skills (Guzzo & Dickson, 1996). Working in a collaborative manner as team now proves to be catalyst that accelerates the process of realization of the complete potential of an organization. So being such a driver for growth, progress and development in the organization, the proc ess of team building is strategically imperative. Developing teamwork is based upon facilitating a dedication to working together on the objectives of the company and adjusting the opportunity and circumstances for employees to bestow their best (Katzenbach & Smith, 1993). But in order to efficiently perform the team must be developed keeping into considera

There is no such thing as a rational decision. Discuss this assertion, Essay

There is no such thing as a rational decision. Discuss this assertion, and carefully justify the arguments and claims that you m - Essay Example This study aims at discussing rational decision-making and its existence from the roots. In order to throw light on every dimension of rational decision-making, the discussion would begin from understanding rationality, and will further assist in understanding what does rational decision signify. It will also include what elements assist one in understanding that the particular decision is rational enough. Apart from this, theories in relation to types of rationality would be discussed. The conditions considered for effective decision-making need to be understood in order to conduct a comprehensive analysis for stating whether rational decisions exist or it is just a myth. Rationality is considered to be a normative concept, which signifies any belief, desire or action. It signifies any conviction or concept, which is derived through proper reasoning (Adler, 1991). Rationality can be considered the characteristics of decisions which are supported by motives. Max Weber, a German socio logist proposed a theory of rationality, which explains four types of rationality. The first type of rationality put forward by him is purposive or instrumental rationality. This explains the expectation regarding the behavior of the other objects and the human beings present in the society. The second type of rationality is value or belief oriented. In this case the action is assumed to be essential for the person, such as ethics, religion, motives, etc. The third type of rationality is affectual, which assist in determining the specific affect of emotions or feelings. Weber considered this type of rationality to be meaningfully oriented rationality. The fourth type was habituation, which is traditional. Weber emphasized on these four types of rationality because he considered rationality and rational decision making to be the outcome of one of these types or a combination of these types of rationality stated by him. However, Weber’s point of view for rationality has been cr iticized by Habermansian, whose proposed theory was devoid of any social power or context, whereas Weber’s theory of rationality was strongly supported by values and power (Berg, & Hoffrage, 2004). A rational decision-maker actually chooses among the different alternatives or courses of action that are based on the ability of the decision-maker. This is because this process includes rational decisions that are not only backed by reasons but are also appropriate enough for achieving goals, and solving problems. While discussing the concept of rational decision-making, elements like rational choice and rational behavior of individuals needs to be also discussed. Rational choices are considered to be economic principles which are assumed to be made by those individuals who make logical and prudent decisions that benefit them and provide them satisfaction. This concept of rational decision-making is based on the rational choice theory. Rational behavior is the decision-making pro cedure which depends on the choices that would offer optimum level of utility or benefit. According to conventional theories of economics all those individuals who take part in any activity or action are rational. Rational decision does not always assist in generating profit because it is considered that sometimes

False Imprisonment And Merchant Protection Statutes Law Essay

False Imprisonment And Merchant Protection Statutes Law Essay Although the area of business law with which I am most familiar and have the most knowledge is contract law, secured transactions and bankruptcy, my first jury trial was a case involving a slip and fall at the old Rickshaw Hotel which was located across from the former Garden State Race Track on Route 70 in Cherry Hill, New Jersey [This really dates me because the Rickshaw Hotel is now a car dealership and the Racetrack is a shopping center]. In a law firm, the newest associate is usually given the garbage cases, ones which were not likely to succeed and with which a partner did not want to be associated. This case was brought into our office shortly before trial, because an attorney who was licensed only in Pennsylvania thought he could have settled it before trial. However, there was one piece of testimony from a deposition that led the defense to believe the case had no merit. That statement was in answer to a question to the injured woman, When and where did you learn of the tear in the carpet at the hotel? She answered, In my attorneys office when he told me there was a tear in the carpet. I started the trial by telling the jury in the opening statement, That the defense would very shortly tell you, members of the jury, that This case is a fraud and that the reason they know it is a fake, is because of the deposition testimony. I said, Just the opposite is the case. This is a very truthful woman. She answered the question correctly, because that is exactly what happened. She did learn of the tear from her former attorney. If she had not been walking down a poorly lit hallway, if she could have seen the torn carpet, surely she would not have caught her foot in the tear, she did not see the tear as she fell and hit her head against the wooden chair rail on the wall, she did not see it as she lay unconsciously on the floor and she never saw it as she was carried on a stretcher out of the building. The case settled before I called my first witness. Every negligence case centers on what would the ordinary reasonable person find to be the case. Week Two OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this workshop, students are expected to competently: Describe the concept of ethical leadership. Understand the key concepts of ethics in the context of a business environment. Comprehend the concepts of Duty of Care, Negligence and Liability. Intentional torts against persons and against property Assault and battery Assault is the threat of immediate harm or offensive contact or any action that arouses reasonable apprehension of imminent harm. Actual physical contact is unnecessary. Battery is the unauthorized and harmful or offensive physical contact with another person. Direct physical contact is unnecessary. False imprisonment and merchant protection statutes False imprisonment is intentional confinement or restraint of another person without authority or justification and without that persons consent. Merchant protection statutes allow merchants to stop, detain, and investigate suspected shoplifters without being held liable for false imprisonment if (1) there are reasonable grounds for suspicion, (2) suspects are detained for only a reasonable time, and (3) investigations are conducted in a reasonable manner. Defamation of character and invasion of privacy If a person makes a false statement about another person, that is defamation of character. In court, a plaintiff must prove that the defendant make an untrue statement of fact about the plaintiff and that the statement was intentionally or accidentally published to a third party. Public figures cannot recover for defamation unless they can prove that the defendant acted with actual malice. Every person has a right to live his or her life without being subjected to unwarranted and undesired publicity. Violation of this right is the tort of invasion of the right to privacy. Intentional torts against property Interference with an owners right to exclusive possession of land constitutes the tort of trespass to land. Trespass to personal property occurs whenever one person injures another persons personal property. Conversion of personal property occurs when someone who originally is given possession of personal property fails to return it. Negligence Elements of Negligence Elements of negligence include: That the defendant owed a duty of care to the plaintiff A duty of care is the obligation we all owe to each other not to cause unreasonable harm or risk of harm. Courts decide whether a duty of care is owed in specific cases by applying a reasonable person standard (how would an objective, careful, and conscientious person have acted in the same circumstances) or a reasonable professional standard (where the defendant has a particular expertise or competence). That the defendant breached this duty of care A breach of the duty of care is the failure to exercise care. That the plaintiff suffered injury The plaintiff must suffer personal injury or damage to his or her property to recover monetary damages for the defendants negligence. That the defendants act caused the plaintiffs injury A person who commits a negligent act is not liable unless his or her act was the cause of the plaintiffs injuries. Causation in fact or actual cause-a person who commits a negligent act is not liable unless causation in fact can be proven. Proximate or legal cause-the law establishes a point along a chain of events caused by a negligent party after which that party is no longer legally responsible for the consequences of his or her actions. Intentional and negligent infliction of emotional distress Intentional infliction of emotional distress or the tort of outrage occurs when a persons extreme and outrageous conduct intentionally or recklessly causes severe emotional distress to another person. Some jurisdictions have extended this doctrine to include negligent infliction of emotional distress where the defendants negligence causes emotional distress. The most common example is bystanders who witness the death or injury of a loved one caused by anothers negligent conduct. Special negligence doctrines Negligence per se is a tort where the violation of a statute or ordinance constitutes the breach of the duty of care. An example would include a statute that establishes a duty for homeowners to fix their sidewalks. Res ipsa loquitur can occur when the defendant was in exclusive control of the situation and the plaintiff would not have suffered injury but for someones negligence. A good example is a surgical instrument left in a patients body. Dram shop acts make taverns and bartenders liable for injuries caused to or by patrons who are served too much alcohol. Similarly, some states make social hosts liable for injuries caused by guests who become intoxicated at a social function. Many state guest statutes provide that if a driver voluntarily and without compensation gives a ride to another person, the driver is not liable to the passenger for injuries caused by the drivers ordinary negligence. Good Samaritan laws relieve medical professionals from liability for ordinary negligence when they stop and render aid to victims in emergency situations. Under the firemans rule, a fireman who is injured while putting out a fire may not sue the party whose negligence caused the fire. The danger invites rescue doctrine provides that a rescuer who is injured while going to someones rescue can sue the person who caused the dangerous situation. Common carriers are held to a higher standard than most other businesses; they have a duty of utmost care, rather than a duty of ordinary care, to their passengers and patrons. Landowners owe a duty of ordinary care to invitees and licensees, but generally do not owe a duty of ordinary care to a trespasser. Defenses to tort liability Superseding or intervening event-a defendant is not liable for injuries caused by a superseding or intervening event for which he or she is not responsible. Assumption of the risk-a defendant can use this defense against a plaintiff who knowingly and voluntarily entered into or participated in a risky activity, for example car racing, that resulted in injury. Contributory negligence-this doctrine states that a plaintiff who is partially at fault for his or her own injury cannot recover against the negligent defendant. Many states have rejected this doctrine and replaced it with the doctrine of comparative negligence. Comparative negligence-the comparative negligence doctrine apportions damages according to fault. Fraud Fraud or intentional misrepresentation or deceit occurs when a wrongdoer deceives another out of money, property, or something of value. The elements of fraud are: The wrongdoer made a false representation of material fact. The wrongdoer had knowledge that the representation was false and intended to deceive the innocent party (scienter). The innocent party justifiably relied on the misrepresentation. The innocent party was injured. Terms assault-(1) The threat of immediate harm or offensive contact or (2) any action that arouses reasonable apprehension of imminent harm. Actual physical contact is not necessary. assumption of the risk-A defense in which the defendant must prove that (1) the plaintiff knew and appreciated the risk and (2) the plaintiff voluntarily assumed the risk. battery-Unauthorized and harmful or offensive physical contact with another person. Direct physical contact is not necessary. causation in fact or actual cause-The actual cause of negligence. A person who commits a negligent act is not liable unless causation in fact can be proven. causation-A person who commits a negligent act is not liable unless his or her act was the cause of the plaintiffs injuries. The two types of causation that must be proven are (1) causation in fact (actual cause) and (2) proximate cause (legal cause). comparative negligence-A doctrine that applies to strict liability actions that says a plaintiff who is contributorily negligent for his injuries is responsible for a proportional share of the damages. contributory negligence-A doctrine that says a plaintiff who is partially at fault for his own injury cannot recover against the negligent defendant. conversion of personal property-A tort that deprives a true owner of the use and enjoyment of his or her personal property by taking over such property and exercising ownership rights over it. covenant of good faith and fair dealing-Under this implied covenant, the parties to a contract not only are held to the express terms of the contract but also are required to act in good faith and deal fairly in all respects in obtaining the objective of the contract. danger invites rescue doctrine-Doctrine that provides that a rescuer who is injured while going to someones rescue can sue the person who caused the dangerous situation. defamation of character-False statement(s) made by one person about another. In court, the plaintiff must prove that (1) the defendant made an untrue statement of fact about the plaintiff and (2) the statement was intentionally or accidentally published to a third party. Dram Shop Act-Statute that makes taverns and bartenders liable for injuries caused to or by patrons who are served too much alcohol. duty not to willfully or wantonly injure-The duty an owner owes a trespasser to prevent intentional injury or harm to the trespasser when the trespasser is on his or her premises. duty of ordinary care-Collecting banks are required to exercise ordinary care in presenting and sending checks for collection. duty of utmost care-A duty of care that goes beyond ordinary care that says common carriers and innkeepers have a responsibility to provide security to their passengers or guests. false imprisonment-The intentional confinement or restraint of another person without authority or justification and without that persons consent. Good Samaritan law-Statute that relieves medical professionals from liability for ordinary negligence when they stop and render aid to victims in emergency situations. guest statute-Statute that provides that if a driver of a vehicle voluntarily and without compensation gives a ride to another person, the driver is not liable to the passenger for injuries caused by the drivers ordinary negligence. injury-The plaintiff must suffer personal injury or damage to his or her property in order to recover monetary damages for the defendants negligence. intentional infliction of emotional distress-A tort that says a person whose extreme and outrageous conduct intentionally or recklessly causes severe emotional distress to another person is liable for that emotional distress. Also known as the tort of outrage. intentional interference with contractual relations-A tort that arises when a third party induces a contracting party to breach the contract with another party. intentional misrepresentation-(1) Tort that occurs when a wrongdoer deceives another person out of money, property, or something else of value. Also known as fraud or deceit; (2) when a seller or lessor fraudulently misrepresents the quality of a product and a buyer is injured thereby. intentional tort-Occurs when a person has intentionally committed a wrong against (1) another person or his or her character, or (2) another persons property. invasion of the right to privacy-A tort that constitutes the violation of a persons right to live his or her life without being subjected to unwarranted and undesired publicity. libel-A false statement that appears in a letter, newspaper, magazine, book, photograph, movie, video, etc. negligence per se-Tort where the violation of a statute or ordinance constitutes the breach of the duty of care. negligence-A tort related to defective products where the defendant has breached a duty of due care and caused harm to the plaintiff. negligent infliction of emotional distress-A tort that permits a person to recover for emotional distress caused by the defendants negligent conduct. palming off-Unfair competition that occurs when a company tries to pass one of its products as that of a rival. professional malpractice-The liability of a professional who breaches his duty of ordinary care. proximate cause or legal cause-A point along a chain of events caused by a negligent party after which this party is no longer legally responsible for the consequences of his or her actions. punitive damages-Damages that are awarded to punish the defendant, to deter the defendant from similar conduct in the future, and to set an example for others. res ipsa loquitur-Tort where the presumption of negligence arises because (1) the defendant was in exclusive control of the situation and (2) the plaintiff would not have suffered injury but for someones negligence. The burden switches to the defendant(s) to prove they were not negligent. slander-Oral defamation of character. social host liability-Rule that provides that social hosts are liable for injuries caused by guests who become intoxicated at a social function. States vary as to whether they have this rule in effect. strict liability-Liability without fault. superseding event-A defendant is not liable for injuries caused by a superseding or intervening event for which he or she is not responsible. tort of misappropriation of the right to publicity-An attempt by another person to appropriate a living persons name or identity for commercial purposes. tort-A wrong. There are three categories: (1) intentional torts, (2) unintentional torts (negligence), and (3) strict liability. trespass to land-A tort that interferes with an owners right to exclusive possession of land. trespass to personal property-A tort that occurs whenever one person injures another persons personal property or interferes with that persons enjoyment of his or her personal property. unfair competition-Competition that violates the law. Internet Links Torts generally: www.law.com American Bar Association Tort and Insurance Practice Section: www.abanet.org/tips/home.html Tort and Insurance Law Journal: www.abanet.org/tips/journal/lawjournal.html Discussion Question Knight v. Jewett Facts: On January 25, 1987, the day of the 1987 Super Bowl football game, plaintiff Kendra Knight and defendant Michael Jewett, together with a number of other social acquaintances, attended a Super Bowl party at the home of a mutual friend. During half time of the Super Bowl, several guests decided to play an informal game of touch football on an adjoining dirt lot, using a peewee football. Each team had four or five players and included both women and men; plaintiff and defendant were on opposing teams. No rules were explicitly discussed before the game. Five to ten minutes into the game, defendant ran into plaintiff during a play. According to plaintiff, at that point she told defendant not to play so rough or I was going to have to stop playing. Her declaration stated that [defendant] seemed to acknowledge my statement and left me with the impression that he would play less rough prospectively. In his deposition, defendant recalled that plaintiff had asked him to be careful, but did not remember plaintiff saying she would stop playing. On the very next play, plaintiff sustained the injuries that gave rise to the present lawsuit. As defendant recalled the incident, his team was on defense on that play, and he jumped up in an attempt to intercept a pass. He touched the ball but did not catch it, and in coming down collided with plaintiff, knocking her over. When he landed, he stepped backward onto plaintiffs right hand, injuring her hand and little finger. Both plaintiff and Andrea Starr, another participant in the game who was on the same team as plaintiff, recalled the incident differently from defendant. According to their declarations, at the time plaintiff was injured, Starr had already caught the pass. Defendant was running toward Starr, when he ran into plaintiff from behind, knocked her down, and stepped on her hand. Starr also stated that, after knocking plaintiff down, defendant continued running until he tagged Starr, which tag was hard enough to cause me to lose my balance, resulting in a twisting or spraining of my ankle. The game ended with plaintiffs injury, and plaintiff sought treatment shortly thereafter. After three operations failed to restore the movement in her little finger or to relieve the ongoing pain of the injury, plaintiffs finger was amputated. Plaintiff then instituted the present proceeding, seeking damages from defendant on theories of negligence and assault and battery. Imagine that you are on the California Supreme Court and are faced with this case. Do you rule that the plaintiff is barred any recovery because California has followed the common law theory of assumption of risk? Or do you rule that the plaintiffs conduct was such that she does not come within the doctrine of assumption of risk? Or finally, do you rule that the assumption of risk defense should simply be discarded in modern tort practice and you rule that the assumption of risk is no longer a valid doctrine in California. (Please note, I am not asking you to research the actual case, but rather to use the text and your own experience to guide your opinion.)

British Author Research Paper Essay

Lord Bryon once said, â€Å"Fools are my theme, let satire be my song†. A satire is a literary composition, in verse or prose, in which human folly and vice are held up to scorn, derision,or ridicule (dic.com). A well recognized satire is George Orwell’s Animal Farm. Orwell wrote this allegorical novella in England when the wartime alliance with the Soviet Union was at its height and Stalin was held in highest esteem in Britain both among the people and government. George Orwell wrote Animal Farm to fuse political purpose and artistic purpose into one whole, thus addressing the downfall of the Russian Revolution which was caused by its corrupt leaders and ignorant citizens. George Orwell was born Eric Arthur Blair. He was born on June 25th 1903 in Bengal, India to a British colonial civil servant. About a year after his birth, Orwell was brought back to England by his mother along with his older sister. He began writing poems at the age of four, ultimately getting one of his poems published in a local newspaper. In 1911 he went to St. Cyprian’s, on a partial scholarship, in the coastal town of Eastbourne, where he got his first taste of England’s class system. There he began to read the works of Rudyard Kipling and H. G. Wells. He was exceptionally intelligent that he received a scholarship to study at Eton college. After graduating, Orwell joined the India Imperial Police Force in 1922. After five years, he resigned his post and returned to England. He wanted to try his luck as a writer. He would spend his time between England and Paris, thus writing his first major work Down and Out in Paris and London. He felt that it would embarrass his family, so he published it under the pseudonym George Orwell. He was not successful and began to take up any job offer just to make ends meet. He later published Burmese Days, which offered a dark look at British colonialism in Burma, then part of the country’s Indian empire. Orwell’s interest in political matters grew rapidly after this novel was published. In 1937, Orwell traveled to Spain, where he joined one of the groups fighting against General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War. He was injured and left back for England. For years, Orwell had periods of sickness, and he was officially diagnosed with tuberculosis in 1938. Later, he landed a job with the BBC as a producer and in 1943 he became the literary editor for a socialist newspaper. Orwell is best known for two novels, Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four, both of which were published toward the end of his life. Animal Farm was published in 1945 and Nineteen Eighty-Four was published in 1949. Orwell, however, was not able to enjoy his success due to his battle with tuberculosis. He died on January 21, 1950, in a London hospital. England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, while the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separate it from continental Europe. It has a population of 53,013,000 inhabitants. The official language is British English. Christianity is the most widely practised religion in England. The major form of Christianity practised is Anglicanism. English folklore is big part of English Culture. Some of the characters and stories are present across England, but most belong to specific regions. Common folkloric beings include pixies, giants, elves, bogeymen, trolls, goblins and dwarves. Since the Early Modern Period the food of England has historically been characterised by its simplicity of approach and a reliance on the high quality of natural produce. Traditional examples of English food include the Sunday roast, featuring a roasted joint served with assorted vegetables, Yorkshire pudding, stuffing and gravy. Other prominent meals include fish and chips and the full English breakfast. Various meat pies and sausages are consumed by the British. Lancashire hotpot is a well known stew. Frequently consumed alcoholic drinks include wines, ciders and English beers, such as bitter, mild, stout, and brown ale. England has a strong sporting heritage, and during the 19th century codified many sports that are now played around the world. Sports originating in England include association football, cricket, and rugby. The basic political system in England is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary system. Today England is governed directly by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The monarch is Queen Elizabeth II and the prime minister is David Cameron MP. Animal Farm was published by Orwell on August 17th , 1945. This novel shows how potential ignorance and indifference to problems within a revolution could allow horrors to happen if a smooth transition to a people’s government is not achieved. The novel starts out with Old Major, a prize-winning boar, gathers the animals of the Manor Farm for a meeting in the big barn. He tells them of a dream he has had in which all animals live together with no human beings to oppress or control them. He tells the animals that they must work toward such a paradise and teaches them a song called â€Å"Beasts of England,† in which his dream vision is lyrically described. The animals greet Major’s vision with great enthusiasm. When he dies only three nights after the meeting, three younger pigs—Snowball, Napoleon, and Squealer—formulate his main principles into a philosophy called Animalism. Late one night, the animals manage to defeat the farmer Mr. Jones in a battle, running him off the land. They rename the property Animal Farm and dedicate themselves to achieving Major’s dream. At first, Animal Farm prospers. Snowball works at teaching the animals to read, and Napoleon takes a group of young puppies to educate them in the principles of Animalism. As time passes, however, Napoleon and Snowball increasingly quibble over the future of the farm, and they begin to struggle with each other for power and influence among the other animals. After chasing Snowball away, Napoleon assumes leadership of Animal Farm and declares that there will be no more meetings. From that point on, he asserts, the pigs alone will make all of the decisions—for the good of every animal. Napoleon orders the animals to construct a windmill, and the animals devote their efforts to completing it. One day, after a storm, the animals find the windmill toppled. Napoleon claims that Snowball returned to the farm to sabotage the windmill. He uses this as an excuse to rid the farm of various animals who have allegedly participated in Snowball’s great conspiracy by giving them instant death at the teeth of the attack dogs. With his leadership unquestioned, Napoleon begins expanding his powers, rewriting history to make Snowball a villain. Napoleon also begins to act more and more like a human being by sleeping in a bed, drinking whisky, and engaging in trade with neighboring farmers. The original Animalist principles strictly forbade such activities, but Squealer justifies every action to the other animals, convincing them that Napoleon is a great leader and is making things better for everyone even though the other animals are cold, hungry, and overworked. Mr. Frederick, a neighboring farmer, cheats Napoleon in the purchase of some timber and then attacks the farm and dynamites the windmill, which had been rebuilt at great expense. After the demolition of the windmill, a pitched battle ensues. Napoleon then sells his most loyal and long-suffering worker, Boxer, to a glue maker in order to get money for whisky. Years pass on Animal Farm, and the pigs become more and more like human being by walking upright, carrying whips, and wearing clothes. Eventually, the seven principles of Animalism, known as the Seven Commandments and inscribed on the side of the barn, become reduced to a single principle reading â€Å"all animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.† Napoleon entertains a human farmer named Mr. Pilkington at a dinner and declares his intent to ally himself with the human farmers against the laboring classes of both the human and animal communities. He also changes the name of Animal Farm back to the Manor Farm, claiming that this title is the â€Å"correct† one. Looking in at the party of elites through the farmhouse window, the common animals can no longer tell which are the pigs and which are the human beings. The story is meant to symbolize the downfall of the Russian Revolution and the corruption of Stalin. Old Major represents Karl Marx, as he originated Communism, hence Animalism. Napoleon represents Joseph Stalin, while Snowball represents Leon Trotsky. The attack dogs represent the Red Army, while Boxer represents the soviet workers. The rise of Stalin after the Russian Revolution inspired Orwell to write Animal Farm. It is satire on equality, where all barnyard animals live free from their human masters’ tyranny. Inspired to rebel by Major, an old boar, animals on Mr. Jones’ Manor Farm embrace Animalism and stage a revolution to achieve an idealistic state of justice and progress. A power-hungry pig, Napoleon, becomes a totalitarian dictator who leads the Animal Farm into â€Å"All Animals Are Equal / But Some Are More Equal Than Others† oppression. As an English author, Orwell traditionally used fictional characters to represent actual humans. The novel is an exceptional work of satire and meets its purpose of portraying the truth about the Soviet Union and turning point of the Russian Revolution.

The Importance Of Pluripotent Stem Cells - 952 Words

During the early 2000s, it was believed that embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were the only source of pluripotent cells. However, a revolutionary discovery by Shinya Yamanaka and his team in 2006 showed that skin cells can be artificially reprogrammed into a previously unknown form of pluripotent cells named induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), through the artificial addition of four transcription factors; †¢ Oct3/4 †¢ Sox2 †¢ C-Myc †¢ KLf4 These iPSCs were taken from mouse fibroblasts and subsequently, using the same group of transcription factors (along with others), iPSCs were successfully generated from human fibroblasts obtained from a human biopsy. This key advancement opened many opportunities in medical fields. Firstly, since iPCS can†¦show more content†¦Genome editing generally had a large time-scale and heavy cost associated with it, however, that is no longer the case due to a genome editing tool named CRISPR-Cas9. This tool is based on a natural system used by bacteria to protect themselves against viruses in which the bacteria disables the virus by cutting the viral DNA with an enzyme called Cas9. The adaptation of this naturally occurring phenomenon into CRISPR-Cas9 has opened the door to many incredible possibilities that were previously thought of as impossible. One possible use of CRISPR-Cas9 may be the curing of retroviruses. In 2015, scientists used CRISPR-Cas9 in the treatment of rats with HIV. The persistent co-expression of the Cas9 enzyme and specific guide RNA significantly diminished HIV-1 replication in infected CD4+ T cell cultures, which saw more than 50% of the HIV-1 virus being eradicated from the rats, as well as them being protected against new infection (Rafal K et al, 2016). This may serve as a pathway to the curing of HIV and other retroviruses. CRISPR-Cas9 could also be used to tackle one of the largest causes of death today, cancer. Cancer is caused by the replication of altered cells that are not recognised by the immune system, causing tumours. CRISPR-Cas9 has already been used to treat cancer in mice. Using Crispr, scientists modified the immune cells of the mice to express proteins on their surfaces called ChimericShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell835 Words   |  4 PagesHuman pluripotent stem cells, including both human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), possess the ability to di fferentiate into any type of somatic cell, imparting promise as diverse therapeutic tools. However, a major barrier for clinically utilizing hESCs and iPSCs are animal derived or xeno products. In order to eliminate potential contaminants and possible inconsistencies, the cells need to be cultured in xeno-free conditions. 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Introduction (1 page): Medicine has benefitted for years from advancements in technology and research. Technology combined with research has allowed, once crazy and impractical, ideas to be put into action to treat, heal and even cure many diseases and illnesses to improve or ensure a long quality of life for patients. Continuation of medical technology and research is vital and offers many potential cures, especially throughRead MoreDevelopment Of Cells And Pluripotent Germ Cells1603 Words   |  7 PagesDevelopment of germ cells from embryonic stem cells and pluripotent germ cells. The need to have children is one that outstrips almost all other desires in life; however, many biological and environmental issues have arisen to deny some of this natural opportunity afforded to many others. From this we have seen the rise of solutions such as assisted reproduction which affords the chance for people to experience child rearing and care however, it does not offer in most cases the opportunity for theRead MoreEssay On 20 Years Of Advancement In Healthcare Science1109 Words   |  5 Pagesat short, specific sequences. †¢ Yeast Artificial Chromosomes (YAC), a vector that has been genetically engineered to clone pieces of DNA. †¢ Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BAC), a large segment of DNA from another species cloned into a bacterial cell and amplified. †¢ The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), used to amplify a short segment of DNA into a large quantity for analysis. †¢ Electrophoresis which separates molecules according to their size and electrical charge. The HGP has already had a profound